Turkey

Istanbul, the only city on two continents, dazzles with the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, Topkapı Palace, the Grand Bazaar and the Bosphorus strait dividing Europe from Asia. In central Anatolia, Cappadocia stuns with fairy-chimney rock formations, cave churches, underground cities like Derinkuyu, and famous hot-air balloon rides over Göreme.

On the Aegean coast, the ruins of Ephesus preserve the Library of Celsus and a grand theater, while Pamukkale's white travertine terraces sit beside ancient Hierapolis. The capital Ankara, coastal Antalya and Aegean İzmir round out the map. Turkish cuisine is a highlight in itself: kebabs and mezze, pide and lahmacun, sweet baklava, and endless glasses of çay (tea) and strong Turkish coffee, often ending with a shared meal that reflects the country's generous hospitality.

Expect knowledgeable guides who bring millennia of history to life, plus vibrant markets and unforgettable food. Popular experiences include:

• Sunrise hot-air balloon flights over Cappadocia
• Guided tours of Hagia Sophia, Topkapı Palace and the Grand Bazaar
• Bosphorus dinner and sightseeing cruises
• Archaeological tours of Ephesus and Pamukkale
• Turkish cooking classes and traditional hammam visits

Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) are ideal, with pleasant temperatures for sightseeing in Istanbul and Cappadocia and warm seas on the coast. Summer (June–August) is hot, best for beach resorts along the Mediterranean and Aegean, though inland cities can be scorching. Winter (December–February) is quieter and atmospheric, with occasional snow dusting Cappadocia's rock landscapes, and lower prices citywide.